Foundation of Dams in Karnataka

Post independence we have made lots of progress in Dam and Water Reservoirs in India. Dams is basically used for Power generation, Water supply, Stabilize water flow / irrigation, Flood prevention, Land reclamation, Water diversion, Recreation and aquatic beauty. India is very rich is Dam and India is [...]]]>
by com4tablydumb

Foundation of Dams in Karnataka

Post independence we have made lots of progress in Dam and Water Reservoirs in India. Dams is basically used for Power generation, Water supply, Stabilize water flow / irrigation, Flood prevention, Land reclamation, Water diversion, Recreation and aquatic beauty. India is very rich is Dam and India is having some of the largest Dams and Reservoirs. Tourist Spot near Dams is very much popular and good sources for attracting tourists
There are all the states in India where dams have been established but Karnataka is very rich in having most of dams and Reservoirs. Dams in Karnataka is very popular serving the purpose of people of Karnataka and Bangalore. Karnataka is much enriched in terms Dams in South India.

Foundation of Dams in Karnataka
It was Shastri who laid the foundation stone for the Upper Krishna Project, of which the Alamatti dam is a part, in 1964.
The noted columnist Kuldip Nayyar, who delivered a lecture on Shastri’s life and contribution to the nation, said the former Prime Minister had tried to resolve the Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan by peaceful means.
In August 1965 heavy fighting broke out between the two countries, and a ceasefire was agreed upon in September 1965. Shastri and the then Pakistani President Ayub Khan signed the Tashkent agreement in the presence of the then Prime Minister of the erstwhile USSR, Alexei Kosygin, in January 1966, a few hours before Shastri’s death. Shastri also accepted a unilateral ceasefire with China in 1962 and protected the country’s borders, Mr. Nayyar said.
The life of the second Prime Minister of the country was the absorbing saga of a little man, who, while suffering the rigours of poverty in early life, reached political eminence through the strength of his character.
When Shastri died, he left behind no wealth or property; instead he left an example, which is morally inspiring in an age riddled with political corruption, the columnist said.
It was Shastri who for the first time conceived the idea of an ombudsman to eradicate corruption in public life, he said.
Shastri gave priority to boosting foodgrain production and generation of employment to tackle hunger and poverty. Although Shastri’s tenure as Prime Minister lasted only 13 months (June 9, 1964 to January 11, 1966), it was a period of high drama during which several social and political issues of national importance and international interest, including a major war against Pakistan, came up, Mr. Nayyar said.
Shastri resigned as Minister for Railways in 1956 holding himself responsible for a railway accident in Tamil Nadu (Ariyalur) in which many lives were lost. The unprecedented gesture was greatly appreciated by Parliament and the country, he said.
The then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, speaking in Parliament on the incident, extolled Shastri’s integrity and high ideals. He said he was accepting the resignation because it would set an example in constitutional propriety and not because Shastri was in any way responsible for what had happened.
In between his ministerial assignments, he demonstrated organising abilities and figured in the Congress victories in the first three general elections, Mr. Nayyar said.

Man of integrity
After more than 30 years of dedicated service, he came to be known as a man of great integrity and competence. Humble, tolerant, with great inner strength and resoluteness, he was a man of the people who understood their language.
Shastri was deeply influenced by the political teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. His slogan “Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan” is popular even today, he said.
The Ministers M. Mallikarjun Kharge and R.V. Deshpande; the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, Krishna; the former Chief Minister M. Veerappa Moily; Anil Shastri, son of Lal Bahadur Shastri; and Haranahalli Ramaswamy, former Law Minister, were present.

Cauvery or Kaveri River: Kaveri river, also called Dakshina Ganga (the Ganges of the south), is one of the great and sacred rivers of India. It has many tributaries including Shimsa, Hemavati, Arkavathi, Kapila, Honnuhole, Lakshmana Tirtha, Kabini, Bhavani, Lokapavani, Noyyal and Amaravati. It is also considered sacred by the Hindus as water will purify all sin. The origin of river Kaveri is Talakaveri located in the Western Ghats in Coorg (Kodagu) district. Talakaveri is a famous pligrimage and tourist spot set amidst Bramahagiri Hills near Mercara (Madikeri) in Coorg (Kodagu) district of Karnataka. It flows south and east for around 765 km, emptying into the Bay of Bengal.

Tungabhadra River: The Tungabhadra is a chief tributary of the Krishna River. The Tungabhadra is formed north of Shimoga at an elevatibn of about 610 metres by the union of twin rivers, the Tunga and the Bhadra, which rise in the eastern slope of the Western Ghats, in the state of Karnataka. The Tungabhadra flows east across the Deccan Plateau, joining the Krishna in Andhra Pradesh state, from where the Krishna continues east to empty into the Bay of Bengal.

Krishna River: The Krishna River is one of the longest rivers of India. It originates at Mahabaleswar in Maharashtra, passes through Karnataka and meets the sea in the Bay of Bengal at Hamasaladeevi in Andhra Pradesh.

Ghataprabha River: The Ghataprabha river rises in the Western Ghats and flows eastwards for a length of 283 km before joining the Krishna. The river debouches by 53 metres at Gokak Falls in Belgaum (Belagaavi) District.

Malaprabha River: The river Malaprabha also rises in Western Ghats at an altitude of 792 metres in Belgaum (Belagaavi) district. The river flows first in easterly and then in north-easterly directions and joins the Krishna at Kudalasangama, about 304 km from its source.

Bhima River: The river Bhima originates in the forest of Bhimashankar in Pune, and flows through the states of Maharashtra and Karnataka. It flows for 861 km before joining the Krishna near Kudlu in Raichur taluk.

Hemavati River: The river Hemavati rises in the Western Ghats at an elevation of about 1,219 metres and joins the river Kaveri near Krishnarajasagar.

Kabini River: Kabini River is a tributary of river Kaveri, it originates in Wayanad District of Kerala state, south India from the confluence of the Panamaram and Mananthavady rivers, and flows eastward to join the Kaveri River at Tirumakudal Narasipur. The total length of the river is about 230 km.

Sharavathi River: The Sharavathi is a river in India that originates at Ambuthirtha in Thirthahalli taluk, flows north-west through the Western Ghats forming the Jog Falls before joining the Arabian Sea at Honavara.

Reference:Dams and Reservoirs in karnataka

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Download Free Bollywood Movies – How to Watch Bollywood Movies and Download them Free

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India: Murali Vijay, Dinesh Karthik, Suresh Raina(c), Rohit Sharma, Virat Kohli, Naman [...]]]> India vs Zimbabwe Live Streaming, Watch India vs Zimbabwe Live Streaming

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Zimbabwe vs India 1st Match – Zimbabwe will match up with India in the First ODI match on Friday, May 27, 2010.

Match Venue: Queens Sports Club.

Time: 07:30 G.M.T

Teams:

India: Murali Vijay, Dinesh Karthik, Suresh Raina(c), Rohit Sharma, Virat Kohli, Naman Ojha(w), Yusuf Pathan, Amit Mishra, Pragyan Ojha, Pankaj Singh, Vinay Kumar, Ravichandran Ashwin, Ravindra Jadeja, Ashok Dinda, Umesh Yadav.

Zimbabwe: Hamilton Masakadza, Vusi Sibanda, Tatenda Taibu(w), Brendan Taylor, Charles Coventry, Andy Blignaut, Elton Chigumbura(c), Graeme Cremer, Prosper Utseya, Chris Mpofu, Ray Price, Chamu Chibhabha, Craig Ervine, Gregory Lamb, Ed Rainsford.

Teams Report:

On Friday, Zimbabwe is facing up India in the First ODI match at Queens Sports Club.

After a poor performance in the ICC World Twenty20, BCCI gave rest to senior players and selected all youngsters for the Zimbabwe tour. Suresh Raina will act as a captain of the Indian team. Suresh Raina was the captain for Chennai Super Kings in the Indian Premier League-III. During that time, he performed well. Now, Indian team is full of youngsters and they are strongly willing to perform their best.

Zimbabwe team is also full of youngsters. Zimbabwe played well and defeated Australia and Pakistan during the warm-up matches before the ICC World Twenty20 and all are expected that Zimbabwe will perform well in the ICC World Twenty20 but, disappointed every one.

After a poor performance in the ICC World Twenty20, BCCI gave rest to senior players and selected all youngsters for the Zimbabwe tour. Suresh Raina will act as a captain of the Indian team. Suresh Raina was the captain for Chennai Super Kings in the Indian Premier League-III. During that time, he performed well. Now, Indian team is full of youngsters and they are strongly willing to perform their best.

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Political Economy of India?s Special Economic Zones: a Conceptual Frame Work

 Every country stands for its own development. For this purpose the state introduces and implements new policies and programmes such as Special Economic Zones Act. After 60 years of its independence India with its 110 core population has evolved a new [...]]]>
by Joe Athialy

Political Economy of India?s Special Economic Zones: a Conceptual Frame Work

 Every country stands for its own development. For this purpose the state introduces and implements new policies and programmes such as Special Economic Zones Act. After 60 years of its independence India with its 110 core population has evolved a new paradigm of its political economy which is confusing. The policies and programmes initiated by Indian government to create a ‘global village’ based on free market economy and free trade among nations cutting across all barriers, abolition of national boundaries and dismantling the nation –state system giving priority to ‘market’ over the ‘state’ . After the enactment of Special Economic Zone Act 2005, it created tremendous effects on political economy of the country.

            The term ‘political economy’ came from the two Greek words ‘Politiko’ and ‘Oikonomia, where ‘Politiko’ stands for the state and society and ‘Oikonomia’means managing the house hold economy. Political economy thus means a study of the state, society and house hold economy. The concept of political economy arose historically as the economic doctrine of a new class – the capitalist class. It has been evolved since the days of Aristotle who gave a model of public good through guaranteeing each person private possession of what he was rationally and morally entitled. Private property was elaborated later by Locke, Adam Smith, Ricardo and the physiocrates, who came to be known as the Laissez Fairists in Economics, or, the liberal democrats in politics. Adam Smith referred to political economy as a branch of the system of civil government. It was concerned with public policy.

            In Marxian view, political economy can be regarded as a subject which studies the social relations evolves between different classes of people in course of production, distribution, exchange and consumption. Political economy belongs to the broad land of economics, which opens on to political science. After a prolonged period of hibernation, the subject has again been resurrected.

Marxist political economy makes a study of how the productive forces are used under the given relations of production taking account of the lines and trends in technical progress; political economy studies the influence of production relations on such progress and its socio economic consequences. Marxist political economy starts from the assumption that human vital activity is objectively based on social material production which includes man’s interactions with the nature and whole range of relations which arise in the process. It has been realized that every political action has its obvious economic repercussion, and every economic action has had its political implications.

 The liberal school of political economy offers economic implications of political facts and factors. The liberal school has economized politics. The liberal system focuses on the atomistic individual as the relevant unit, on the description of economic behavior in terms of subject choices among alternatives, on the notion of social welfare as the maximizations of individual utility sums. The socialist system views the entire economic system as the basic unit, views economic progress in terms of the growth of the forces of production and focuses on ‘relations of production’ ‘surplus value’ and the rapid increase of social product.

By contrast the Gandhian system eschews both the notions of the atomistic autonomous individual maximizing his utility in a self regulating economy and the notion of processes of production autonomously effecting changes in the organization of production ,class relationship and the magnitude and distribution of social product instead of the Gandhian model suggest that the fundamental attribute of human economic behaviour lies in the relationship of individual to socioeconomic micro groups and the relationship of micro groups to society .The basic economic act is neither the choice between economic alternatives nor the social division of natural products, but the adjustment between individual and the micro groups to which they belong, and of those micro groups to society .It is this collaboration which is the basic theme of the Gandhian system of political economy.

The Gandhian system is viewed in micro groups that are fundamental constituents of the economic system and given full scope to develop their potential in the context of no coercive forms of political control. Social welfare is defined in terms of the functioning of the collaborative micro groups vis –a-vis its members. Gandhi believed that the introduction of technology and patterns of development must be consistent with the full employment objective.

Today economist speaks of sustainable development and ecological values. Gandhi was not against industry but as he predicted it could not give people more employment. His constructive programmes were to give employment to all people whether it be kadhi, gobar gas or tree plantations, where all can be engaged in constructive work. Gandhian economics is an alternative to overcome the exploitation of both capitalism and communism for the exponents of human social order.He was against the large scale use of machinery which kept millions without work. Swadeshi is one of the core elements in the socio-economic organisation of Gandhian system.

Gandhi observes

                       “Life here will not be a pyramid with the apex sustained by the bottom, but it will be an oceanic circle whose centre will be the individual, always ready to perish for the village, the latter ready to perish for the circle of the villages, till at last the whole becomes one life composed of individual, never aggressive in their arrogance, but ever humble sharing the majesty of the oceanic circle of which they are integral units’. The idea of the circle stands for integrating, fullness and self-sufficiency. He wrote that independence must begin at the bottom. Thus every village will be a republic or Panchayat having full powers. It follows therefore, that every village has to be self sustained and capable of managing its affairs even to the extent of defending itself against the whole world.”

 Politics and economy are considered as two basic factors in determining the nature of the state and society. They are interrelated to such an extent that the changes in one affect the other, and hence both are ‘dynamic’ and ‘flexible’ ingredients of the national and the international systems. Politics and economy taken together as political economy refers to ‘managing the economy of the state’. Conceptually political economy connotes the relationship between the state, society and the economy, the cause–effect relationship between technological change and the process of development, the economic relations among the different nations of the world.

DEFINITION OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE

            A special economic zones is a geographical region that has economic; laws more liberal than a countries typical economic laws. According to the SEZ Act 2005, A SEZ is a ‘specially delineated duty free enclave and shall be deemed to be foreign territory for the purpose of trade operations and duties and tariffs. A SEZ also been viewed as “a geographical region with different economic laws than a countries typical economic laws with the main goal of attracting foreign investment’. “A SEZ or a Free Trade Zone (FTZ) is typically an enclave of units operating in a well –defined area within the geographical boundary of a country where certain economic activities are promoted by a set of policy measures that are generally not applicable to the rest of the country”.

            The concept of special economic zones is not new. In an International Labour Organization (ILO) report traces the roots of the concept to 13th centaury Spain and in more recent times to Ireland and Puerto Rico, which established Export Processing Zones (EPZ). Export Processing Zones is the former name of the Special Economic Zones. The countries like China, United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, India, Jordan, Philippines and Russia have utilized the concept of SEZ. In 1986, there were 176 zones across 47 countries. Now the number has increased to over 5000 across 147 countries.  

The zones are known by different names in different parts of the world. Most often these are Free Trade Zones  (FTZ),Industrial Free Zones (IFS) Export Processing Zones (EPZ) Bonded Free Zones and Special Economic Zones (SEZ).

          Export Processing Zone is the ancestor of SEZ. An Export Processing Zone is relatively small geographically spread area within a country. The purpose of which is to attract export oriented industries, by offering them especially favorable investment and trade conditions as compared with the reminder of the host country. The EPZ is just an industrial enclave but SEZ is an integrated township with fully developed infrastructure. The UN Industrial Development Organization (UNID) identifies five basic attributes of EPZ s are:

 ? EPZs are dominated by market mechanisms.

 ? EPZ are restricted to a limited region.

 ? EPZs specialize in the production of exports goods and offer special incentives for such production.

 ? Their major aims are to attract foreign investments, earn foreign exchange and to  generate employment

? Secondary aims are technology transfer, development linkages and regional             development .

Policies taken by the governments for the development of the nation obviously affect the people. SEZ policies are for the development of the country. These Developmental projects have economic, political and social impact. In Gandhian political economy, village level development is needed. Land needed for the establishment of the SEZs projects also affected the political economy of the country. Tax incentives, Foreign Direct Investment, New type of employment generation also affect the political economy of the country. The macro economic changes driven by SEZs will push the countries down the path of increasing socio-political crisis.  

A BRIEF HISTORY OF INDIA’S SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES

India became independent in 1947 and chose self- sufficiency along with economic autonomy. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 marked the beginning of the evolution of the Indian Industrial policy. The Resolution not only defined the broad contours of the policy. But it delineated the role authority of the state in industrial development both as an entrepreneur and as an authority

The industrial policy Resolution of 1956 gave the public sector a strategic role in the economy. It categorized industries, which would be the exclusive responsibility of the state or would progressively come under state control and others. Earmarking the pre-eminent position of the public sector, it envisaged private sector coexisting with the state and thus attempted to give the policy framework flexibility. India opted for a planned economy with emphasis on state sponsored industrialization. The argument was that capital being scare in India, it was essential to regulate the flow of the available capital in to socially desirable channels. This was achieved by an elaborate system of industrial licensing and state monopoly and control over key industries.                                                                                                                        

More than 80% of the Indian population is still living in agricultural field. Agri-centered model of development was prevalent during the 1950sand the 60s. Agriculture contributes approximately one-fifth of total gross domestic product (GDP). It provides the means of livelihood to about two-thirds of the country’s population. The Sector provides employment to 59 percent of the countries workforce and is the single largest private sector occupation. Agriculture accounts for about 10 percent of the total export earnings and provides raw material to a large number of industries.

During the Jawaharlal Nehru’s period, foreign collaborations were promoted in certain sectors and foreign investment was encouraged. First Export Processing Zone (EPZ) was set up in 1965 at Kandla, in Gujarat. This was a predecessor of the Special Economic Zone in India. The Santa Cruz EPZ in Mumbai became operational in 1973.

After the death of Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi became the prime Minister of India in 1966. She also did a lot for the economic development of the country. The Foreign Investment Board was set up in 1968. In 1973, Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) was enacted.. India set up the Santa Cruz Electronics Export Processing Zone (SEEPZ) between1973-74. It was the first EPZ which was dedicated to the electronic industry.

Doors of the Indian economy were opened during the 1980s, by Indira Gandhi and later by Rajiv Gandhi. From 1984 to 1989, the policy was to enable the middle class to consume more so as to raise the internal demand. This resulted in the raise of imports and the growth of Foreign Direct Investment. The government tried to raise the level of exports in order to balance this phenomenon. In 1984, the Free Zone policy received a fresh start. By 1991, the Indian economy was opened up for linking up the Indian market with the world leading to free flow of trade and commerce .The multilateral Financial Institutions like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund while assisting the developing countries like India also insisted upon restructuring the polity and the administrative machinery. Following a change in the policy regime in this period and the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) with India becoming its founder member, it opted for a liberalized capitalist strategy. There had been introducing policies since July 1991 particularly in the industrial sector.

De-reservation of industries for the public sector was one of the major step taken by the government as part of the policy changes in the industrial sector. It was against the earlier 17 industries were reserved, there are now industries like defense production, atomic energy, coal and lignite, railways and mineral oils reserved for the public sector. Core industries like iron and steel, electricity, air transport, shipbuilding, and heavy machinery industries such as heavy electrical plants telecommunication cables and instruments are now open to private sector participation. Besides, equities held by the government in selected public sector enterprises like ONGC etc are now available to mutual funds, financial institutions, the general public and workers through a policy of divestment

In1998, the first private SEZ started its operations in Surat .This was under the jurisdiction of the Mumbai (SEEPZ)Development Commissioner, who was a nominee of the central Government.

From the beginning of the 21st century, most of the developing countries in the world have recognized the importance of facilitating international trade for the sustained growth of the economy and increased contribution to the GDP of the nation. As part of its continuing commitment to liberalisation, the Government of India has also adopted a multi-pronged approach to promote foreign investment in India. The Government of India has pushed ahead with second-generation reforms and has made several policy changes to achieve this objective.  The annual growth rate ranged between six and nine percent.

Bharathiya Janatha Party (BJP) government decided to re-launch the Free Trade Zone Policy in 2000. It changed the name of Export Processing Zone (EPZ) to Special Economic Zone (SEZ). The policy intended to make SEZs an engine for economic growth supported by quality infrastructure complemented by an attractive fiscal package both at the Centre and the State level with the minimum possible regulations. 

The salient features of the SEZ scheme are:

v No licenses required for import

v Manufacturing or service activities allowed.

v SEZ units to be positive net foreign exchange earner within three years.

v Domestic sales subject to full customs duty and import policy in force.

v Full freedom for sub contracting.

v No routine examination by customs authorities of export/import cargo.

  The United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government Currently in power enacted Special Economic Zone Act, 2005 which was passed in June 2005 and came into force on 10th February 2006 with the notification of the SEZ Rule in 2006. The Act provides for drastic simplification of rules and single window clearance on matters relating to the union and state governments .The state governments have also been enacted their own SEZ laws to cover State subjects.

The Act provides for single window clearance mechanisms for developers and operators for ensuring orderly development of SEZs, the responsibility is assigned to the Board of Approval, constituted by the union Government. The Union Government may set up a SEZ on its own or on the basis of proposals of the state government or private developers after the Board of Approval has duly screened them .At the regional level, the Development Commissioner and his /her office will exercise administrative control of SEZs. The Labor Commissioner’s power is also delegated to the Development Commissioner. There is an approval committee to approve /reject /modify proposals for setting up units in SEZs. All suits of civil nature and notified offences in SEZs will be tried and settled by specially notified courts and affected parties may appeal to high courts against the orders of the designated courts. The  corporate units operating under SEZs will enjoy special privileges and protection granted by law.

          The Act offers a special fiscal package to the units set up in the SEZs. This package includes, exemption from customs duties, central excise duties, service tax, central sales taxes, and securities transaction tax to both the developer and the units set-up, tax holiday for 15 years like 100 percent tax exemption for five years ,50 percent for next five years, and 50 percent for the ploughed back export profits for the next five years.100percent income tax exemption for 10 years in a block of 15 years for SEZ developers.

 There is a three-tier administrative structure. On the top, a Board of Approval at the level of the Union Government has been set up for the functioning of the SEZs. Next an authority has been created by the state governments for creation and promotion of the infrastructure within each state. Finally, in SEZ mechanism /authority is provided for single window approval.   According to the 2005 Act, these zones can be set up by the developers, who could be private real persons, companies, both Indian and foreign, as also the State governments or the central government by themselves or jointly with private parties. It is also being envisaged that some of the existing Export Processing Zones would be converted into Special Economic Zones.  The SEZ Act, 2005 supported by SEZ Rules, has come in to effect on 10th  February 2006.

THREE CATEGORIES OF SEZ

In India SEZs are divided in to three categories, Multi-product SEZs Sector specific SEZs, Free Trade and Ware housing Zone (FTWZ). The first category signifies a SEZ where units may be set up for manufacture/rendering of services of two or more goods in a sector or good/services falling in two or more sectors. For multi-product service SEZ, a contiguous area of 100 hectares or more is required. 

The second category defined as a zone meant exclusively for one or more product/services. The minimum area requirement is 100 hectors of contiguous and vacant land. Within sector specific SEZs, Bio-technology, Gems and Jewellery, Non conventional energy, electronics, hardware and software SEZ-including IT can be set up with minimum area has been relaxed to 50 hectares for Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland and, Arunachalpradesh, Uttaranchal, Sikkim, J&K, Goa and the Union Territories.

 Free trade and warehousing zone (FTWZ) is the third category which minimum area requirement is 40 hectares of contiguous and vacant land. Built up area should not be less than 10 hectares.

There are 19 functional SEZs in the country which were set up prior to SEZ Act, and 154 SEZs that were notified under SEZ Act 2005. The maximum numbers of SEZs are coming up in the IT sectorThe total land requirement for the formal approvals granted till date is approximately 44,268 hectares. Out of this, about 87 approvals are for State Industrial Development Corporations (SIDCs) State Government ventures which account for over 21,169hectares 

ISSUES RELATING SEZs IN INDIA

One of the main issue is related with SEZ is locating land for SEZs. Many state governments are in the process of establishing SEZs. The issue of displacement, that of compensation or land price, rehabilitation, residential property development and land speculation, the threat of possible relocation of units from other parts of the state to SEZs and the consequent loss of revenue have been flagged . Farmers are protesting against the forced acquisition of their lands. The development of SEZs would lead to the destruction of employment of peasants whose land will be acquired and will create very little employment for high tech or high skilled persons and total net employment generated may well be negative. Handing over thousands of hectares of land cheaply to promoters of industry and relaxing the laws of the land, including those that relate to the welfare of the industrial workers, protection of the environment, taxation, etc, would automatically promote industrialization and solve the nagging unemployment problem of the country overnight. The farmers/peasants in various states such as West Bengal, Orissa, Maharastra, and Punjab have opposed acquisition of their land for SEZs. The highest level of opposition has been observed in West Bengal when land was acquired by the state government for the Tata group at Singur and Salim group of Indonesia at Nandigram.  Besides the loss of agriculture land, concerns have also been raised about the project affected People.

Using water for SEZs is one of the major problems rising from different parts of the country. Mundra SEZ as per official website of the SEZ, it expects to get at least 6 million liters per day from the Sardar sarovar project, as promised by Gujarat water infrastructure Ltd.

The another main issue is rising from different parts of the country, the labour laws applicable to the rest of the country have been relaxed for the SEZs. The existing laws are well intentioned and they promote worker welfare. Relaxing such laws exclusively for the SEZs shows the government’s lack of conviction in its own commitment to social justice.

In some SEZs, the state governments are joint venture partners. In the case of some, special incentives by way of concessional electricity and water tariffs have been offered .In almost all the cases, valuable lands have been given away at concessional prices.

Considering the SEZ Act, it violates the letter and spirit of the Indian Constitution; it infringes the Fundamental Rights of the citizen guaranteed in part 3rd of the Constitution. Relaxation /inapplicability of many labour Laws (including under the Industrial Dispute Act, Contract Labour Act, Factories Act, Minimum wages Act, Trade Union Act), Environment (Protection) Act is inapplicable to SEZs ,No environmental clearance needed.  Violates  Panchayat Raj Act (1996) for local self government, violating laws granting rights and control to adivasi communities over their land, violating many international conventions on human rights.

To sum up, SEZs and other emerging developmental issues can be seen in a broad perspective and theoretical underpinnings of neo-liberalism. As far as Indian polity is considered the implications emerging from SEZs may cause increasing socio-political crisis because the society is far more complex than we assumed and that will result in organized or unorganized resistance and that may even cause anti-neo liberal political forces. So, in order to avoid the polarization of the society, civil society should engage to create a consensus on developmental issues. More over, in order to understand the continuities and changes that are taking place in the developmental scenario it needs further study.     

Endnotes

Bijoiny Mohanthy and S.C Hazary(Ed), Political Economy of India Retrospect and Prospects (New Delhi: APH Publ).

 S.C Hazary, Political Economy of India Retrospect and Prospects, ( New Delhi: APH Publi,1997.)

Sukhendu Mazumder, Politico-Economic Ideas of Mahatma Gandhi  (New Delhi: Concept Publishing House, 2004.).

B.Mohanan,(Ed), Gandhis Legacy and New Human Civilisation, Gyam publishing house, New Delhi,1999.

Vineetha Sharma, ‘Implications Of A Special Economic Zone on Project Affected People a case study of Reliance Haryana SEZ”, Man & Development, Vol.39,Dec,2007.

Jermy Grasset and Frederic Landy, ‘Special Economic Zones in India Between International integration and Real Estate Speculation’, Man &Development, Vol. 39,No.4, Dec, 2007.

India 2008, A Reference Annual, Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting , Govt:of India, New Delhi,2008.

Partha Mukhopadhyay, “The promised land of SEZs” Seminar, Jan, 2008

.

Sheetal Sharma and Kishan Pratap,  “ The Prosperous Few and the Pauperized Many: A Perspective on Special Economic Zones”, Mainstream, February,23-March,1,2007.

Is airing political differences in public a sign of a weak government? NDTV debates.
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The Success Story of Bollywood Movies in 2010

The success and failure is the part of everything. The bollywood movies are not the exception. Some of the bollywood movies become blockbuster and some become flop. It all takes place due to time and the trend of the people. The stars are very [...]]]>
by Danny McL

The Success Story of Bollywood Movies in 2010

The success and failure is the part of everything. The bollywood movies are not the exception. Some of the bollywood movies become blockbuster and some become flop. It all takes place due to time and the trend of the people. The stars are very important behind the success story of the Indian films. It is seen that the movies usually becomes very successful at the time of holidays of the people. The Indian cinema has been proved to be successful during the period of May, June and July as there remains a long vacation for the school students. Almost all the kids and parents are engaged with the idiot box to know the current trends of bollywood. As a rule, the people get more time for the entertainment, holidays and for shopping as well. The newspapers and internet gets instant information as the bollywood movies are about to come to light. Also, the people get more time to watch cinema with the members of the family.

The year 2010 has offered some of the blockbuster movies to the Indian people worldwide. Raajneeti is one of the bollywood movies that have been able to entertain the people to the sky. It has given a huge business to its producers as well. It gave more than 90 crores in a short span of time. The movie 3 idiots also got astronomical amount that news said as the company knocked the door of the income tax department spontaneously. It shared a lot of its revenue as tax with Indian income tax department. The movie was with the major role of iconic actor Aamir Khan. It brought almost business of 400 crores within a short span of time. The bollywood movie by Big cinema also brought a big amount to the industry due to the bollywood superstar Amitabh Bachchan and his son Abhisekh Bachchan.

Now some of the bollywood movies going to rock the Indian film industry. The movie Anjaana Anjaani seems to be a great success since sexy siren priyanka chopra and Ranbir kapoor a Jodi that is incredible.  Ranbir Kapoor has been seen in recent past extremely successful due to his excellent inherited histrionic gesture. His artistic ability is beyond imagination. It is definitely a Jodi that indicates a great success of the bollywood movies with priyanka chopra. Priyanka has a very good reputation in the bollywood industry. She has a great fan base almost everywhere. She is extremely popular even on social networking websites.

Peepli live is about to release in the month of August 2010. Everyone is hopeful for a great success that is even beyond 3idiots. Peepli live looks to be one of the popular bollywood movies due to, the presence of iconic actor Aamir Khan. Aamir Khan is popular for his exceptional bollywood movies. He makes only one or two movies per annum and that touches the heart of the people to a great extent. His most popular movies are Lagan, Tare Zamin par, Ghajini and ultimately 3idiots has been proved to be the blockbuster and successful at the box office. This indicates his ability which is beyond comparison.

Yaadein – 2001 Directed by Subhash Ghai, Produced under Subhash Ghai’s banner Mukta Arts, starring : Hrithik Roshan, Kareena Kapoor, Jackie Shroff, Amrish Puri, Himani Rawat, Kiran Rathod, Anang Desai, Supriya Karnik, Avni Vasha, Madan Joshi, Suman Dutta, Suhaas Khandke, Ranjan Kapoor, Jennifer Kotwal, Rahul Singh, Dolly Bindra, Kamal Adib, Gargi Patel, Rati Agnihotri, Subhash Ghai, Akhil Ghai. Music composed by Anu Malik, Singers – Asha Bhosle, Sunidhi Chauhan, Mahalaxmi Iyer, Sneha Pant, Sukhwinder Singh, Alka Yagnik. Synopsis: Raj Singh Puri – Jackie Shroff, a widower and father of three daughters, desperately tries to fill in the gap created by the death of his wife but in vain. His long standing friendship with LK Malhotra – Amrish Puri and his wife Nalini is his only source of solace. Over the passage of time, Raj gets bitter with the concept of love when the love marriage of his eldest daughter fails. His youngest daughter Esha – Kareena Kapoor falls in love with Ronit – Hrithik Roshan, the only son of LK and Nalini, much to the chagrin of the Malhotras and Raj who is vehemently against their relationship. A heartwarming and sensitive tale ‘Yaadein’ makes a delectable watch. Click on www.rajshri.com to watch full length Bollywood films absolutely Free!!
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Indian Economy in FY 10 – 11

Indian Economy will get GDP between 8.5 to 9 % in 2009 – 11

I expect GDP of India between 8.5 to 9 % in compare to the GDP rate of 9.5% announced by IMF. Reason behind is food inflation of India and many others like international [...]]]>
by dbking

Indian Economy in FY 10 – 11

Indian Economy will get GDP between 8.5 to 9 % in 2009 – 11

I expect GDP of India between 8.5 to 9 % in compare to the GDP rate of 9.5% announced by IMF. Reason behind is food inflation of India and many others like international crude oil prices (.57 per barrel on 21st July 2010). According to the new ruling of Indian govt. of control free fuel prices in India, prices of petrol and diesel may increase in Aug 10. Other raw material cost is also increasing for industries. Current example is increase price of lakhtakiya car Nano, now Nano is not lakhtakiya its new prices are hiked 4% for earlier price. Food inflation of India on July 10, 2010 was 16.48%.

India’s farm sector is likely to grow by 3 – 3.5 per cent annually during the 11th Five – Year Plan ending 2011 – 12. In current fiscal year, we may get improved growth rate of agriculture 4.5% (according to the Prime minister’s Economic Advisory Council). But this growth rate is very low in compare to the industrial and other growth rates; those are expected to rise in 2 digits.

These are some bad factors about Indian economy; those are going to affect both common man and as well as to industries also. Because of the above mentioned reasons manufacturing cost for the firms will increase, which will ultimately decrease buying power of consumer.

We also have some good figures to smile. These figures supports high growth rate of India like industrial growth rate in two digits from more than half year (11.5% in May 2010). Indian exports remained robust with a 30.4 per cent annual growth in June 2010 at .75 billion. These increasing figures will help India to grow on GDP more than 8.5%.

According to RBI’s current report, service sector of India would get growth of 9.1 percent. Now days services are also important part of products also and we have lot of scope into core service sector. So these both points give us good sign of growth.

In fiscal year 2008 – 09, when world faces very big economical crises, we got Financial Direct Investment (FDI) of .30 billion. This figure is expected to increase till billion this year. Both the figures are showing good sign for Economy of India.

It is also expected that we may get GDP of 10% in next fiscal year. This is supported by fast growth rate of India by IMF and also fast recovery of rest world from economical crises. This is also necessary to consider that world economy is expected to grow with less than 5% GDP.

In census 2001 urban population of India was 28.61 crore in compare to the total population of India 102.87 crore, it means still most of the population of India is living in rural area, this area is still undeveloped. So if it is possible to achieve this target of 8.5% GDP, then also most of the Indian are so far from development. This GDP figure is actually growth rate of rich people. This will increase gap between poor and rich people of India.

I can understand the problem of RBI on monetary policy of India. RBI again raise repo rate by 25 bps and reverse repo rate by 50 bps to decrease inflation. But according to me these steps will not work for common man. These steps will cause of increasing loan rates for common men and may be for corporate also. Already industries are in fear of less demand, reason behind is common men is having disposable income in its hand and where as because of increased manufacturing and transportation cost industries are bound to increase prices or decrease quantity in same price.

New base rate policy of banks in India according to the guidelines of RBI already reduced low interest rate loans. So except improving export rate (expected to rise 18.6%) there are no good sign from domestic market.

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The Pros and Cons of High Budget Bollywood Movies

The bollywood movies are being produced with high budget in the current scenario of entertainment. Everything has gone expensive due to immense inflation of the market. The household material has been skyrocketed. The people are seen to be accustomed with the present cost [...]]]>
by Santosh Dawara

The Pros and Cons of High Budget Bollywood Movies

The bollywood movies are being produced with high budget in the current scenario of entertainment. Everything has gone expensive due to immense inflation of the market. The household material has been skyrocketed. The people are seen to be accustomed with the present cost of the market. The bollywood movies are being expensive day by day since the actors and the production costs goes to be high spontaneously due to inflation. However, the people are still capable of watching bollywood movies paying a lot. India is a big country and the people are being sophisticated in all their activities. If the people are spending huge amount in their dresses, vehicles and ultimately in restaurants, then why they should not spend the amount in the field of entertainment which unwinds the stresses of mind.  The bollywood movies are one of the ways and means to relax the mind after a daylong stress.

There are many reasons for the bollywood movies to be expensive. Usually, the actors are demanding astronomical amount to participate in the completion of the bollywood movies. In spite of competition the quality actors unavailable in the market which triggers high costs for the completion of any movies. There are very rare numbers of actors who are taking reasonable price. However, there is no guarantee on the Indian films if it will run at length. Which is why, the producer is compelled to pay the huge amount to the quality actors to make a big success in the field of entertainment. Shahrukh Khan, Amitabh Bachchan, Salman Khan, Amir Khan and Akshay Kumar are among the top paid actors. Ranbir Kapoor is the new comer who has great demand in bollywood world. Ranbir Kapoor’s movies have been proved to be highly successful in this competitive time. Some of the actors like Shahrukh and Salman have lost their glamour to entertain the people in these days.

The negativity of high budget bollywood movies is loss if the film does not run well in the market. It is the people trend and time that helps the movie to make a success in the field of entertainment. The bollywood is also very careful as to the promotion. So the promotion on television, radio, newspapers and on the internet keeps on going as soon as the bollywood movies start to be shot. It of course makes the wallet thin of the producer. Eventually, if the film runs well then it brings reputation for both bollywood, producer and also for actors. The high budget bollywood movies face another problem of distribution since already it has spent a lot of money it naturally becomes for distributor very costly. So, there remains a fear of loss for the distributors.

The pros of the high budget bollywood movies are many. The film shots are done naturally in good places of the world. Mostly, the movies are shot in the major and famous cities of the world. The western actors remain available in the movies that entice the people to watch.  However, it is generally seen the high budget bollywood movies fetch very good business for both producers and distributors.